The Struggle Of The Church - 969 Words

The once Rome centered papacy, was now centered in France, and the people did not like this. So in efforts to combat this problem, factions in Rome elected their own pope. So for the next thirty one years or so, there existed two popes, one in Avignon, and another in Rome. These Popes battled for control over the church. To make matters even worse, a third man was elected as pope. So from the years 1409-1415, three men struggled for power. Eventually, church resolved the situations, but at this point damages had already been done to its prestige. The people were now skeptical of the church, and they did not know who to believe anymore. They had mistrust in their religious leaders, for now, they saw that truth and goodness had been replaced by arrogance and corruption, to the people, the teachings of Christ had been abandoned, the church at this point was in desperate need of reform. Those who were outspoken about changing the ways of the church could be put on trial, and if found gu ilty, burned at the steak for heresy. That was the fate of the famous reformer, Johannes Hus in Czechoslovakia (burned at the steak), and of a monk named Savonarola who was publically executed in the central square of Florence for denouncing the immorality of the Renaissance popes. But a man by the name of Martin Luther was able to escape the unfortunate faith of some of the earlier religious reformers. And because of the strong beliefs that he had, both the religious, and political characterShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Struggle Between Two Sides: Church and State1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe separation of the state and church refers to the distinct distance in the relationship that exists between the national state and the organized church. Although the aspect of separation between the state and the church has worked in a number of nations, the degree of separation varies depending on the valid legal policies and laws in relationship with the prevalence views on the religious as pect of the society. In most of the nations that practice such separation, there exists distinct rulesRead MoreThe Role Of The Church During The Struggle For Freedom By Black Americans -eric Foner s Give Me Liberty2109 Words   |  9 Pages Last Name 1 Last Name 2 Course Section Date Name The role of the church in the struggle for freedom by Black Americans –Eric Foner’s give me liberty Introduction Freedom is defined as the state or quality of being free, or rather the absence of neccessity, contstraint or coercion in action or choice. Other scholars describe freedom as a form of liberation from restraint or slavery or from the power of depending on another. It is a state of being independent (Hà ¶hn and Martin 1). TraditionallyRead MoreThe Causes Of The Reformation In The Middle Ages758 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment and church has led to the Reformation period. Many practices were considered questionable in Catholicism by people including Martin Luther and Marsiglio of Padua. Corruption in both the government and the church was another cause for the Reformation. There were many power struggles between kings and the church because the church was taking the king’s power. This conflict was also a cause for the Reformation. After many centuries of corruption, questionable practices, and power struggles the periodRead MoreDepression Is A Silent Killer955 Words   |  4 PagesFurthermore, not just those experiences but our response to each of them. This rings true in my own life and I can think of a certain struggle in particular that has really shaped who I have become. It really comes down to one word with a whole lot more connected to it. Depression. My own personal case was major, which is called clinical depression. This two year struggle almost ended my life. I don t believe I ve ever shared this in this manner, however there s always a first time for everythingRead MoreThe Conflict Between Church And State Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesHistory has shown us the continued conflicts between Church and State. These conflicts have been documented throughout world history and have mostly been a power struggle between the two. Within the Church itself there have been struggles with cultural differences, a revised Nicene Creed, a struggle for independence, a fight for control. The State has had to deal with hostel take overs, new political parti es trying to gain control. We have even seen attempts to wipe religion out, completely removeRead MoreWhat Was Vernon s Life?1479 Words   |  6 PagesBeing born and raised in a world of structures, Vernon relied on his family to provide a positive example to prosper. Without the help of his mother, Vernon would not be who he is today. Realizing and living through the struggles of social structures, his mother pushed him to make the impossible possible. What made Vernon’s mother remarkable was that she was able to â€Å"stand her ground and work to achieve her goals† (18). She taught Vernon that social constraints are only barriers that bring someoneRead MoreJustice in Romero Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesoppression, constantly controlled by the corrupt government and even sometimes persecuted when they tried to speak out. The church was a witness to the violations of human rights and this ruthless behavior by the El Salvadorian government towards its people caused a spark in the Catholic Church, a spark that ignited a flame of justice. Lead by Archbishop Romero, the church in El Salvador becomes a critic of the government, not because of political terms but because they are Christians looking forRead MoreA Performance Analysis Of Tarry Flynn1307 Words   |  6 PagesDrumnay’s detachment from the church. It is clear that Wayne Jordan’s direction of Tarry Flynn conveys the clash of ideologies between the Catholic Church and the youth of 1930’s rural Ireland. This essay will go on to analyse three examples in support of this. In the1930’s, Ireland was known as one of the most sexually repressed countries in the world. ‘Ireland was a Catholic country, with over 90% of the population declaring themselves to be practising Catholics. The church was a potent social andRead MoreThe Theory Of Functional Analysis984 Words   |  4 Pages The word â€Å"Church† to a religious person has more meaning than just a building where people meet once a week. To a religious person the word â€Å"Church† means the body of Christ. The body of Christ is made up of every person’s personal strengths that work together to form the entire body to live out a purpose. Church’s operate on this manner; they do not see one another as superior necessarily, but rather everyone as equal and possessing their own strengths to create a fully operational team to glorifyRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels On The Eve Of The Revolution Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesworl d-historical mission of the working class. Class struggle had a special meaning in Marxism. From the first paragraphs of â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, it is understandable that the whole history of the world consists of class struggles. From the viewpoint of Marx and Engels, class struggle will always be everywhere, in every society, where antagonistic classes exist. Marxists believe that the class struggle develops in three main ways: 1. Economic – proletariat struggles for the improvements of the conditions

Gender Double Standards For The Past Millenniums And Morrison

Women have been historically treated as second class citizens in both domestic and professional life. Society has circled around men for the past millenniums and Morrison depicts these gender double standards in Song of Solomon. She establishes the norms that women were subjected to and the social pressures that forced them to act, behave, and even live in a certain manner. Throughout the novel, Morrison continually describes Milkman s perspective toward the women that are involved in his life and it reiterates how society during this time neglected gender equality. We are able to see and be submerged into how his mother behaves under his father’s command, and how both of his sisters are forced to grow up and live under the shadow of another man. Morrison accentuates the patriarchy that was prevalent in society during the 1900s by depicting the discrepancies between how men and women were both treated and raised. In the 1900s, women were expected to be tolerant, submissive, a nd obedient. Milkman describes it as learning to be â€Å"mindless.† In the beginning of the book Milkman faces an internal conflict as he profusely desires his father’s power but does not want to inherit his contempt. He initially has a great deal of respect toward women because of his love for his mother, and during his innocence he does not seem to be able to understand why women are treated as second class citizens. He is distraught by his mother’s lack of autonomy and characterizes her as â€Å"tooShow MoreRelatedHow Pastoral Care Policy Has Contributed to the Management of Junior Secondary Schools In Botswana23474 Words   |  94 Pagessignatories to a number of child directed international agreements that call for changes in educational structures (Nthitu, Kathard Sayed, 2009). 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Approaches to Management Free Essays

APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT Dr. M. Thenmozhi Professor Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036 E-mail: mtm@iitm. We will write a custom essay sample on Approaches to Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now ac. in APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Empirical Approach Human Behaviour Approach Social System Approach Decision Theory Approach Mathematical Approach Socio-Technical Systems Approach Systems Approach Contingency Approach Operational Approach REASONS PROBLEMS 1) Semantic problems in management literature. 2) Contributions from different disciplines. 3) Misunderstanding of principles. EMPIRICAL APPROACH †¢ †¢ †¢ – – – – Study of managerial experiences and cases(mgt) Contributors: Earnest Dale, Mooney Reiley, urwick. Features Study of Managerial Experiences Managerial experience passed from participationer to students for continuity in knowledge management. Study of Successful failure cases help practicising managers. Theoretical research combined with practical experiences. †¢ – Uses Learning through experience of others †¢ – – Limitations No Contribution for the development of management as a discipline Situations of past not the same as present. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR APPROACH †¢ – – Organisation as people ) Interpersonal Behaviour Approach – Individual Psychology b) Group Behaviour Approach – Organisation Behaviour †¢ – – – – Features Draws heavily from psychology sociology. Understand human relations. Emphasis on greater productivity through motivation good human relations Motivation, leadership, participative management group dynamics are core of this approach. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR APPROACH Contd.. †¢ Uses – Demonstrates how management can be effective by applying knowledge of organisation behaviour. †¢ Contributors – Maslow, Herzberg, Vroom, Mc Cleland, Argyris, Likert, Lewin, Mc Gregor, etc. Limitations – Treating management as equivalent to human behaviour. – Talks about organisation organisation behaviour in vague terms. SOCIAL SYSTEM APPROACH †¢ †¢ Understanding the behaviour of groups individuals. Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Social System, a system of cultural relationship Relationship exist between external and internal environment of the organisation. Formal Organisation – Cultural relationships of social groups working within the organisation. Co-operation necessary Efforts directed – harmony between goals of organ isation goals of groups. SOCIAL SYSTEM APPROACH Contd†¦ †¢ Contributors – Pareto, Chester Barnard †¢ Uses – Organisational decisions should not be based on desires of one group alone but should reflect the interests of all the parties. †¢ Limitations – Broader than management its practice – Overlooks many management concepts principles techniques that are important to practising managers. DECISION THEORY APPROACH †¢ Manager – Decision maker †¢ Organisation – Decision making unit. †¢ Features – Management is decision making. – Members of Organisation – decision makers and problem solvers. Decision making – control point in management – Increasing efficiency – the quality of decision – MIS, process techniques of decision making are the subject matter of study. DECISION THEORY APPROACH †¢ Contributors – Simon, Cyert, Forrester, etc. †¢ Uses – Tools for making s uitable decisions in organisations. †¢ Limitation – Does not take the total view of management – Decision making – one aspect of management MATHEMATICAL APPROACH †¢ †¢ †¢ Management- logical entity Actions- Mathematical symbols, Relationships and measurable data. Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Problem Solving mechanism with the help of mathematical tools and techniques. Problems Expressed in mathematical symbols. Variables in management – quantified. Scope – Decision making, system analysis some aspect of human behaviour. Tools – Operations research ,simulation etc. MATHEMATICAL APPROACH Cont.. †¢ Contributors – Newman, Russell Ackoff, Charles Hitch, etc. †¢ Uses – Provided Exactness in management discipline. †¢ Limitations – Not a separate school – Technique in decision making. SOCIO -TECHNICAL SYSTEMS APPROACH †¢ Features – Social technicals systems interact. This interaction is important for organisational effectiveness. – Organisation – governed by social laws as well as psychological forces. Technical aspects of organisation modified by the social aspects. †¢ Contributors – Trist, Bamforth, Emery etc. †¢ Uses – Organisational effectiveness depends on looking at people and their interactions and also at the technical environment in which they operate. – Change in technology – Change in social interactions at work place SOCIO -TECHNICAL SYSTEMS APPROACH †¢ Limitations – – – – Lack of total managerial view Concentrate on factory or other production system No new contribution People aware about the role of technology of the social system of the work place SYSTEMS APPROACH †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ An enterprise Man-Made system Internal parts Achieve established goals External parts Achieve interplay with its environment Manager integrates his available facilities with goal achievement. †¢ Uses – Quick Perception – Better Planning †¢ Limitations – Complicated – Expensive CONTIGENCY SCHOOL †¢ In developing management concepts the environment within which the concepts are to be applied has to be considered. †¢ Internal environment – Structure, Processess, Technology. †¢ External Environment – Social, Economic, Political etc. †¢ Features Appropriateness of a management technique depends on situation. – If – Then approach. OPERATIONAL APPROACH †¢ Management is a process. †¢ Universalist / Classist / Traditional Approach. †¢ This school concentrates on the role and functions of managers and distills the principles to be followed by them. †¢ Features – – – – – Functions of managers remain same Functions of management core of good management Framework of management Principles of management †¢ Contributors – Fayol, Lyndall Urwick ,Harold Koontz, Newman, Mc Farland, Taylor. †¢ Uses – Flexible practical but not universal. How to cite Approaches to Management, Papers